Government policy encompasses a broad range of actions, decisions and initiatives aimed at addressing specific pressing issues in society. They can be either formal or informal and are designed to achieve a variety of objectives, such as promoting social well-being, resolving societal problems, allocating resources and regulating behaviors, with the goal of increasing human flourishing.
Policymaking is a complicated process, and different factors converge to influence the development of government policies. For example, a governing party may choose to adopt particular policies that reflect its political ideology. Similarly, the impact of economic and social pressures can also influence policymakers. In addition, the political environment in which a policy is being developed can significantly influence its implementation and effectiveness.
The policymaking process is largely driven by a desire to address specific societal challenges. A key aspect of policymaking is agenda setting, identifying which issues deserve attention by assessing their relevance and significance to the society as a whole. In addition, policymakers consider national interests and the costs and benefits of various options when choosing policy instruments to implement.
Once upon a time, the central government was the main source of government policy in most countries, working with a small number of professional groups and monopolizing policy advice. The rise of civil society has, however, led to a gradual shift in power from governments to a wide range of local and international actors operating outside formal political structures. This has led to a more democratic and open policymaking process in most countries.